Piezo-Electrocity & Voltage Measurement

PIEZO-ELECTRICITY & VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT

Abstract 

This project will demonstrate the theory and working of piezoelectric material. When some pressure is applied on piezoelectric transducer small amount of potential difference is produced in transducer.

Piezoelectricity is the ability of some materials to generate an electric field or electric potential in response to applied mechanical strain. The effect is closely related to a change of polarization density within the material's volume. If the material is not short-circuited, the applied stress/strain induces a voltage across the material. 

Piezoelectric materials are commonly used to produce small amount of  currents for this piezoelectric transducer is used. Transduce is a simple device that converts small amounts of enerfy from one kind to another. Here mechanical energy is converted in to electrical energy.

In the society this instrument is used to produce electricity in small quantities(example charging mobile, used in touch screen mobiles).

CONTENTS

                                               

1.                  INTRODUCTION

1.1 Need of the project                                                                                                          

1.2 Scheme of the project                                                                                                      

1.3 Basic circuit/components required                                                                                   

2.   LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Types of techniques already held                                                                                    

3.  IMPLEMENTATION/DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT/PROGRAMMING

                                   

3.1 Procedures/ operation of the project                                                                                

                                                                                                                                               

4.   RESULTS & ANALYSIS

4.1 Tables

4.2 Graphs

5.   CONCLUSION                                                                                                  

6.  REFERENCES                                                                                                               

1. INTRODUCTION:

Piezoelectricity is the electric charge    that accumulates in certain solid materials (such as crystals, certain ceramics) in response to applied mechanical stress.piezoelectricity means electricity resulting from pressure.In order to run an electric load (such as a light bulb) on a piezoelectric device, the applied mechanical stress must oscillate back and forth.

PIEZO ELECTRIC MATERIALS: The materials which convert mechanical energy to electrical energy are called piezo electric materials. Examples: Quartz, Rochelle salt, cane sugar, etc.

PIEZO ELECTRIC EFFECT: This effect was first demonstrated by Pierre curie and Jacques curie. According to this effect due to the pressure the electricity is produced. When pressure is applied on piezoelectric material then mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. This production of electrical energy is called as piezo electric effect.

PIEZO ELECTRICITY: The electricity produced due to the piezo electric effect is called as piezo electricity.

PEIZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER:

A piezoelectric transducer has very high DC output impedance and can be modeled as a proportional voltage source and filter network. The voltage V at the source is directly proportional to the applied force, pressure, or strain. The output signal is then related to this mechanical force as if it had passed through the equivalent circuit.

Components required :

Piezo-electric Transducers, Connecting wires, Multimeter, Soldering kit.

2.      LITERATURE REVIEW :

• Voltage procuded is measured by voltmeter.
• Voltage can be tested by connecting piezomaterial to arduino and results can be seen on screen.

3.      IMPLEMENTATION:

3.1 Builting circuit:

Circuit System Requirements:

·        Multimeter

·        Piezo-eletric transducer

·        Connecting wires

·        Soldering kit

Circuit Working:

To a piezo electric sensor a diode is connected in series to allow the flow of current in only in one direction. To this 1KΩ resistor is connected .to this a capacitor of 500µf is connected in parallel so as to store current that is generated from piezo electric sensor .the whole system is now connected to LED lights .a switch is connected to the circuit to control the flow of current. When the pressure or stress is applied to the piezo electric sensor, current is passed through the diode and some amount of charge is stored in the capacitor for further uses .actually connecting a capacitor in parallel gives us more current than connecting it in series. To measure the current in the circuit a multimeter is connected and the values are recorded and a LED light is connected to the circuit so that it glows as the currents passes through it.

4. Results:

S no.	Mass (gm)	Force (dyne)	Pressure (dyne/cm2)	Voltage (V)
1	100 gm	981	281.89	0.21
2	200 gm	1962	563.79	0.33
3	300 gm	2943	845.68	0.58

Radius = 0.95 cm

Area = 3.48 cm²

^Graph:

5.   CONCLUSION                                                                                                  

From this project we have concluded that by increase in pressure the output voltage from piezoelectric material is increased.